Shin Yan et al. Recent demographics and ancestry of the male East Asians Empires and Dynasties", "DNA shows Celtic hero Somerled's Viking roots", "Emanuel Swedenborg his origin in haplogroup I1-BY229 | Hijen", "Family Tree DNA - Rothschild DNA Project", "Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia", "J2a2-PH3085,SK1403: Ancient Altai, modern Uygur and Turkish J2-M172", Evidence of the Past: A Map and Status of U.S. However the clan chiefs, Cameron of Lochiel, haven't been tested yet. He is a descendant of Robert Emerson (1561-1620) and George Emerson (1484-c.1570), who are also the ancestors of Thomas Emmerson (1708-1790) in the project. All the great seafaring civilisations from the middle Bronze Age to the Iron Age were dominated by J2 men. His maternal haplogroup is H.[5], A lock of hair kept at a reliquary at Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume basilica, France, which local tradition holds belonged to the biblical figure Mary Magdalene, was allegedly assigned to mitochondrial haplogroup K. Ancient DNA sequencing of a capillary bulb bore the K1a1b1a subclade according to the author Grard Lucotte, who concluded that she was likely of Pharisian maternal origin. Haplogroup J is believed to have arisen 31,700 years ago (plus or minus 12,800 years) in the Near East (Semino et al. His Y-DNA is Q-M378 (previously Q1b). According to the O'Brien DNA Project, most O'Brien members fall within the Dl gCais group belonging to R1b-L21 > DF13 > Z253 > Z2534 > L226, with a most recent common ancestor living about 1500 years ago. According to the Buchanan DNA Project, most members of the Highlands Scottish Clan Buchanan belong to haplogroup R1b-L21 > DF13 > L1335 > L1065 > S744 > S691 > S695. Their eponymous ancestor is Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, great-grandfather of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. [citation needed]. Today J2b1 is most common in the western Balkans (Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia) and Cyprus. In 2019, Leonard Sax published an article titled "Aus den Gemeinden von Burgenland: Revisiting the question of Adolf Hitlers paternal grandfather". There is a wide variety of J2a branches found in South Asia. Korguz (Chinese: ) was the son of a princess of Kublai Khan and he was the king of the Ongud and a descendant of Gok-Turk. Based on the data from the Habsburg Family Project, there is a high likelihood that the haplogroup of the House of Habsburg was R1b-U152 > L2 > Z41150 > DF90 > FGC59564. 3 Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910), the famous Russian writer 4 Ken Nordtvedt, American physicist and one of the best known genetic genealogist today. Results from the Clan Cameron DNA Project indicate that the vast majority of participants of Highland Clan Cameron belong to R1b-L21 > DF13 > Y16233 > A2070 > Y16765 > A7298 > A6138. Several members of the House of Saud, the ruling royal family of Saudi Arabia, who descend from Muhammad bin Saud, founder of the Emirate of Diriyah, known as the First Saudi state (17441818), were confirmed to belong to haplogroup J1-FGC2, downstream of FGC12 (FGC12 > FGC1696 > FGC5 > FGC1 > FGC2). The personal genomics company 23andMe tested the Y-chromosomal haplogroup of business magnate and multi-billionaire Warren Buffett and singer/film producer Jimmy Buffett to determine whether they shared a common patrilineal ancestor. For his work, he received a National Medal of Arts from President Barack Obama in 2013. Union general William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891), who played a key role during the American Civil War, shared a common ancestor with Roger Sherman in the person of Henry Sherman (1511-1590) from Dedham, Essex. He is the son of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and German diplomat Claus von Amsberg, whose family hails from Mecklenburg. The only variety of R1b that is found at reasonably high frequencies in Southeast Europe, and particularly in Greece, is R1b-Z2103, the branch found in the eastern Yamna culture, including the Volga-Ural region. (2012), who tested the DNA of the severed head which allegedly belonged to Henry IV of France. The I2b-L415 & I2c-L596 Haplogroup Project was able to determine that the haplotype of the Georgian house of Tsitsishvili was I2c2b2. His son, another Richard Stockton (1764-1828) was a senator for New Jersey, and his grandson, Robert F. Stockton (1795-1866) was a United States Navy commodore, notable in the capture of California during the MexicanAmerican War. Bacon has won a Golden Globe Award and three Screen Actors Guild Awards, and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award. Actor Kevin Costner (b. The Hattians, Sumerians, Babylonians, Canaaites, and Carthaginians all had bull deities (in contrast with Indo-European or East Asian religions). On the whole they were good military commanders and tacticians as well. Although J2b2 itself was formed 14,000 years ago, almost all European J2b2 members belong to the L283 branch and share a common patrilineal ancestor who lived 6,000 years ago. Anthropology. This is a different haplogroup from the infamous widespread C2b1a3a1c2-F5481 clade of C2*-ST which is widespread in Central Asia among Kazakhs, Hazaras and ordinary commoner Mongols since Kazakhs and Hazaras were descended from ordinary Mongol soldiers during the Mongol empire conquests but not from Genghis himself. William Howard Taft (1857-1930), the 27th President of the United States and the tenth Chief Justice of the United States, belonged to R1b-U106 > Z381 > Z301 >Z30 > Z338 > FGC1954 according to the results from the Taaffe DNA Project (descendant of Robert Taft, 1640-1725). American Founding Father Patrick Henry (1736-1799) belonged to R1b-L21 > DF13 > DF1 > S6365 > BY16 > Z16372 according to relative testing at the Henry DNA Project (lineage R1b-06). The second son of the 1st Marquess of Atholl and his descendants would become Earls of Dunmore. Paulus Van Haren Kster (1644-1708) from Dsseldorf, Germany. His mtDNA haplogroup is K1a9. Haplogroup G, together with J2 clades, has been associated with the spread of agriculture, especially in the European context. Freskin's descendants were designated by the surname de Moravia ("of Moray" in the Norman language), which later became 'Murray'. The American actor and filmmaker Ben Affleck, famous among others for his roles in Good Will Hunting, Shakespeare in Love, Pearl Harbor, Daredevil and Hollywoodland, and his brother Casey Affleck, an actor, film director, screenwriter, and producer, were identified as members of haplogroup J2a1d (M319) through Ben's DNA test, which was revealed by the PBS television series Finding Your Roots. 1949), the Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and ruler of the Emirate of Dubai, belongs to haplogroup J1-FGC4465 (downstream of L858 and FGC12) according to the Y-DNA results of several members from the House of Al-Falasi (the ruling royal family of Dubai) at the J1 Y-DNA Project. Those Lucky Haplogroup H Bearers - Fight Aging! The DNA results also disproved a branch that was later added to the family book. The famous Protestant reformer Martin Luther appears to have belonged to haplogroup I2a-Din-N (L147.2, aka CTS5966 or CTS10228) according to probable relatives whose haplotypes can be found on the Luther Surname DNA Project, including one genealogically traceable 1st cousin 13 times removed, as well as other relatives on ySearch (especially ySearch ID: YTE6E). 1940) belongs to haplogroup I2-L801 > Z170 > CTS6433 > S2364 > S2361 > Z78 > CTS8584 > Z185 > Z180 > L1198 > S20905 > Z190 > Y4869 > CTS12706 according to WikiTree. He was the founder of the O'Brien dynasty, who were at various times in history Kings of Munster, Kings of Thomond (1118-1543), Earls of Thomond (1543-1726), Marquesses of Thomond (1726-1855), and Barons Inchiquin -1543-present), among others. Elvis's paternal grandfather was born out of wedlock and got his mother's surname. [38], Charles Darwin belonged to Y haplogroup R1b based on a sample from his great-great-grandson. The Hashemites are the royal family of the Hejaz (19161925), Iraq (19211958), and Jordan (1921present). Maybe Not", Bure DNA - DNA-research of the medieval Bure family in Sweden, "Ancient DNA of Emperor CAO Cao's granduncle matches those of his present descendants: a commentary on present Y chromosomes reveal the ancestry of Emperor CAO Cao of 1800 years ago", "Ancient DNA supports Emperor Cao's paternal genetic lineage belonging to haplogroup O2", "G2b-M377 / L72 / L183 / M283 Y Haplogroup Project (formerly G2c) Y-DNA SNP", "DNA Analysis of 5 People Who Helped Create America", "Whole-sequence analysis indicates that the Y chromosome C2*-Star Cluster traces back to ordinary Mongols, rather than Genghis Khan", "The Y-chromosome C3* star-cluster attributed to Genghis Khan's descendants is present at high frequency in the Kerey clan from Kazakhstan", "Molecular Genealogy of a Mongol Queen's Family and Her Possible Kinship with Genghis Khan", "Hitler was verwant met Somalirs, Berbers en Joden. . J-M172 (Y-DNA) - geni family tree This however did not match the Y-DNA of three modern relatives (who were all R1b-U152 xL2) descended from Edward III, Richard III's great-great-grand-father. It has been hypothetised that Napoleon III was the son of Count Charles de Flahaut, who was Hortense's lover and had an illegitimate son (the Duke of Morny) with her three years after Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte's birth. Baldwin won two Primetime Emmy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, and seven Screen Actors Guild Awards, making him the male performer with the most SAG Awards in history. He is the only person to have signed all four great state papers of the United States: the Continental Association, the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution. A descendant of Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter (1542-1623) tested at the Cecil DNA Project and belongs to R1b-U106 > Z381 > L48 > Z9 > Z331 > Z330 > Y6669 > S21728 > FGC18850 > Y21406 The other major samurai clans that do not descend from that lineage typically descend from the Fujiwara clan, who belong to haplogroup O1b. 1965) ad his Y-haplogroup was revealed by the PBS television series Finding Your Roots. His seven-year reign as a crime boss ended when he went to prison at the age of 33. 16069T, 16126C, 73G, 146C, 185A, 188G, 263G, 295T, 315.1C. John Stamos (b. Later chiefs became Earls of Seafield (1701 to present), Barons Strathspey (1858 to present). Ronny Decorte, a geneticist from the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium, tested relatives of Adolf Hitler and determined that the Frher belonged to haplogroup E1b1b. Clan Graham is a Scottish clan of probable Anglo-Norman origin that settled in Scotland in the 12th century. Clan Chattan is a confederaton of Highland Scottish clans. He was the only active clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration of Independence. This branch is found almost exclusively in South Asia today, apart from a few reported samples from the Middle East (Syria, Iraq, Arabian peninsula, Egypt). John Tyler (1790-1862), the 10th President and 10th Vice President of the United States was identified as a member of haplogroup I2-L801 > Z170 > CTS1977 > Y4946 > Y5282 > CTS1858 > CTS10148 based on the results from the TYLER Family DNA Project (descendent of Henry Tyler). Origins and history of Haplogroup I2 (Y-DNA) - ResearchGate The geographic origin is believed to be in the cressant fertile (Iraq,Turkey and Syria) The age is estimated to be 18,500 +/- 3,500 thousands years ago See more details about J2 . Scientists make inferences of descent as hypotheses which could be disproved or modified by future research. Sax commented: Such methods obtaining material without the consent of the donor would generally disqualify To indicate the correspondence, this haplogroup is often designated J2-M172. [permanent dead link This page was last edited on 20 January 2023, at 16:40 (UTC). The only member who claims descend from John Washington (1632-1677), great-grand-father of the 1st US president, belongs to R1b-L21 > DF13 > ZZ10 > Z253 > Z2186 > BY2744. It is very likely that J2a, J1-Z1828, L1b, T1a-P77 and G2a-L293 were the dominant male lineages the Early Bronze Age Kura-Araxes culture (3,400-2,000 BCE), which expanded from the South Caucasus to eastern Anatolia, northern Mesopotamia and the western Iran. Celebrity DNA | Haplogroup The migration map tab shows the path between Mitochondrial Eve who lived in African about 145,000 years ago and your haplogroup today. The Rurikid Dynasty DNA Project at FTDNA managed to determine that the Lithuanian Gediminid dynasty, although not descended from the Rurik dynasty, also belongs to haplogroup N1c1. Yehia Z Gad and his team at the Ancient DNA lab of the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Cairo retrieved the DNA of several members of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt (c. 15501295 BCE), which included Amenhotep I to III, Thutmose I to IV, Hatshepsut, Akhenaten and Tutankhamun. He was also paternal grandfather of the founder of Clan Donald. Polk is chiefly known for extending the territory of the United States through the MexicanAmerican War; during his presidency, the United States expanded significantly with the annexation of the Republic of Texas, the Oregon Territory, and the Mexican Cession following the American victory in the MexicanAmerican War. Yo-Yo Ma (b. (2022) analysed the DNA of the remains of John Corvinus and his son Christopher Corvinus, the two last members of the Hunyadi family. According to the testing of numerous relatives, he belonged to I1-Z58 > Z59 > Z60 > CTS7362 > Z73 > Y3657 > Z2900 > Y7654 > S2122 > Y11026 > Y13938 (aka BY2841). Ashkenazi Y-DNA Haplogroup J2. Mulders commented: I never wrote that Hitler was a Jew, or that he had a Jewish grandfather. 1957). The most prominent members were King Robert II of Scotland, Kings James I, Charles I, Charles II and James II of England & Ireland. Clan Erskine, a Lowland Scottish clan from Renfrewshire, apparently belongs to R1b-U152 > Z36 > BY1328 > BY2151 > A7992 > A8001 > BY32396 based on at least one descendant from John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar (15581634) at the Erskine/Askey Surname Project. Genetic genealogy confirms this link as members of Clan MacGillonie carry the same haplotype as the Cameron. Whether mitochondrial respiratory capacity per mitochondrion (intrinsic activity) in human skeletal muscle is affected by differences in mitochondrial variants is not known. The House of Grimaldi also produced three doges of Genoa, a prince of Salerno, and several archbishops and cardinals. Some of the most notable clan members include the 15th President of the United States, James Buchanan (1791-1868), and American political commentator Pat Buchanan (b. In all likelihood it represents the descendants of Iranian Neolithic farmers toward the Indian subcontinent, although it can't be ruled out at present that some clades migrated later from Iran, during the Chalcolithic period or the Bronze Age. He was revealed to belong to haplogroup Q1b-L275 by the PBS television series Finding Your Roots. American actor, producer, screenwriter, and comedian Vince Vaughn (b. 1947) was shown to belong to haplogroup I2-L38 on the PBS TV series Finding Your Roots. recognized by geneticists. General Samuel McClellan, making him a member of haplogroup R1b-L21 > DF13 > Z39589 > DF49 > DF23 > Z2961 > M222. The Swedish actor Max von Sydow, who played in eleven films by Ingmar Bergman and many Hollywood movies and series, including more recently Game of Thrones, was identified as a member of haplogroup R1a-Z280 (Pomeranian P269 subclade) through the the test of a 2nd paternal cousin at FTDNA. The PBS television series Finding Your Roots mentioned that he carries a Y-haplogroup common among Asians and Native Americans and found in 6% of the Jews, which can only be haplogroup Q. Both men were found to belong to haplogroup I1, though apparently not to closely related subclades. Haplogroups of the Founding Fathers of the United States, Haplogroups of prominent leaders of the American Civil War, Johnson/Johnston/Johnstone DNA Surname Project, Prince Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Prigord, John Graham of Claverhouse, 1st Viscount Dundee, Randolph/Randall/Randle/Randol Surname Group. Noble burials of Mongols in the Yuan dynasty in Shuzhuanglou Site (northernmost Hebei, China, 700YBP) were excavated. Another notable descendant of the same John Hancock of Chesterfield was Union general Winfield Scott Hancock (1824-1886). J2 Middle East - Background | FamilyTreeDNA According to the results of a cousin posted on Poreklo, the Serbian tennis player Novak Djokovic (b. List of haplogroups of historic people - Wikipedia Last update February 2023. The main Scottish branch descends from John Lyon, Lord of Glamis (c.1340-1382), who was Chamberlain of Scotland between 1377 and 1382. His real name is Nicolas Kim Coppola, and his paternal great-grand-father emigrated to the U.S. from the South Italian town of Bernalda in Basilicata. 8 Oldest Haplogroups and the Regions they Originated From But unlike his recent ancestors, his descendants did not all stay, instead . This is a list of haplogroups of historic people. Z435 was formed about 3,600 years ago and has a TMRCA of only 3,100 years ( 300 years). The ancestral lineage of Lowland Scottish Clan Armstrong appears to be R1b-P312 > FGC84729 > ZZ37 > ZZ38 > Z30597 > Z30600 > Z39305 > A9439 > FT275048 according to the Armstrong Y-DNA Project. He was part of the so-called Great Triumvirate, along with Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun, who dominated American politics for much of the first half of the 19th century. 1967), well known for playing the character of Joey Tribbiani in the TV series Friends and its sequel Joey, has a genealogy that can be traced back to Daniel Leblanc (1626-1695) who migrated from France to Port-Royal in Acadia (modern Nova Scotia). The American actor, producer, writer, and director Tom Hanks (b. He was accompanied by a woman with similar admixtures, and both possessed typical Pontic-Caspian Steppe mtDNA (I1a1 and W3a). Some are over 10,000 years old (CTS6002, F3133, M68, M319, PF5174, Z6065) could have migrated from West to South Asia during the Neolithic, Chalcolithic or Early Bronze Age. 1937) appears to belongs to haplogroup J1-Z18271 (downstream of ZS227), which corresponds to the lineage of the Y-chromosomal Aaron. Professor Tomasz Kozowski tested the Y-DNA of Prince Janusz III of Masovia, Duke of Czersk, Warsaw, Liw, Zakroczym and Nur. Clan Gregor (or McGregor) is a Highland Scottish clan that claims an origin in the early 800s. The family contributed numerous politicians, statesmen and military officers in the course of U.S. history. American inventor and painter Samuel Morse (1791-1872) presumably belonged to haplogroup I1-L22 based on results from the Morse/Moss DNA Project (Family 1, descendant of Anthony Morse, 1606-1686, from Wiltshire, England). It is believed to have come from Norway with the Vikings. The first expansion probably correlated with the diffusion of domesticated of cattle and goats (starting c. 8000-9000 BCE), rather than with the development of cereal agriculture in the Levant. J2a-L26 Levant Matches - Background | FamilyTreeDNA Clan Cochrane is a Lowlands Scottish clan descending from a Viking who settled in what is now Renfrewshire. [46], Y chromosome haplogroup C2c1a1a1-M407 is carried by Mongol descendants of the Northern Yuan ruler from 14741517, Dayan Khan, who is a male line descendant of Genghis Khan which was found out after geneticists in Mongolia conducted tests on them. (2015)). He invented among others the phonograph, the automatic telegraph, the movie camera, the alkaline battery and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. The clan owned large tracts of land in Argyll as well as the Inner Hebrides. In 1919, he ousted the communists of Bla Kun from Hungary and banned the Hungarian Communist Party. GENERAL NOTES: Haplogroup I2 is the most common variant of haplogroup I. Andrew Jackson (1767-1845), the 7th president of the United States, most probably belonged to haplogroup I1 based on a comparison of his genealogy and results from the Jackson DNA Project. Larmuseau et al. Based on their phylogeographies, F3133 and M319 could be associated with the Kura-Araxes expansion. One of his most illustrious descendant was admiral Zheng He (1371-1433), sometimes dubbed the Chinese Columbus, commanded expeditionary voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and East Africa from 1405 to 1433. J. Richard III, last king of the House of York and last of the House of Plantagenet, was YDNA G-P287, in contrast to the Y haplotypes of the putative modern relatives. [55], Direct male-line descendants of a cousin of United States president Thomas Jefferson were DNA tested to investigate historical assertions that Jefferson fathered children with his slave Sally Hemings.[56]. From 1716 to 1800, a Jacobite branch also held the title of Duke of Perth. [50], A 2019 study proposed that the Y lineage of Jochi (Genghis Khan's eldest son) may have been haplogroup C2b1a1b1 (C2), which they identify as a new potential candidate for Genghis Khan's true Y-DNA lineage.[46]. M319, Z7671, F3133, Z6046, L581) may have expanded from the South Caucasus from the Chalcolithic onwards. 1941) belongs to Y-haplogroup J2a according to the PBS television series Finding Your Roots. [11][12], Empress Alexandra of Russia and her children, Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei were identified as belonging to mtDNA haplogroup H (16111T, 16357C, 263G, 315.1C). The House of Bourbon also includes all the kings of Spain from Philip V (1683-1746) to this day with King Juan Carlos, all the kings of the Two Sicilies, the grand dukes of Luxembourg since 1964, and of course all the dukes of Orlans and the dukes of Bourbon. Mike Nichols (1931-2014) was a German-born American television, stage and film director, writer, producer and comedian. Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (b. He was the co-host of NBC's Today show from 1997 to 2017, and a contributor for Dateline NBC. J2 seems to have been the dominant Haplogroup in ancient Greece indicating, perhaps, a migration from the East, especially when combined with autosomal DNA test results. Geneticist Spencer Wells further clarified that his subclade is I2-M223 CTS616+ at the Genetic Genealogy Ireland 2014 Conference. Ancient arabs and semitics. Haplogroup J2 is thought to have appeared somewhere in the Middle East towards the end of the last glaciation, between 15,000 and 22,000 years ago. [64][65], Emperor Higashiyama (1675-1710) belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup D1a2a1a2 (D-IMS-JST055457/CTS107), which is a subclade of haplogroup D1a2a which is prominent among the Jmon people that make up about 30% of modern Japanese ancestry. The U.S. politician Bernie Sanders (b. His two wives were all princesses of Yuan Dynasty. According to the DNA test of a relative, Hollywood actor, screenwriter and film producer, Adam Sandler (b. Based on results from the Witherspoon DNA Project was a member of R1b-U106 > S263 > L48 > L47 > Z159 > Z4714 > BY35813 > BY56495. 2018, J2-M172@FTDNA Project Administration Changes Announcement, J2a-Z6048: refinement in the no-Caucasus J2a* clade, Refinement for J2b2a-M241 (including L283,Z622,Z2447,Z2444), J2a1-PF7413(xPF7415): refinement and new subclade Z40257, Z40258, J2a1-S15439,L198: M419 NGS available and new subclade Z40067,Z40068. Because mtDNA breaks down more slowly than nuclear DNA, it is often possible to obtain mtDNA results where other testing fails. George W. Randolph (1818-1867) was a Confederate general who served for eight months in 1862 as the Confederate States Secretary of War during the American Civil War. He was elevated to the rank of prince in 1815, a title that his descendants would keep until the 20th century. 1959) is a Bosnian Serb politician, currently serving as the Serb member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the collective federal head of state and is also its chairman. The Harvey Y-DNA Genetic Project managed to retrace the ancestry and identify the Y-chromosomal haplogroup of William Harvey (1578 -1657), the first person to describe completely and in detail the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped to the body by the heart. offered since late 2013 by BritainsDNA and associated companies ScotlandsDNA, IrelandsDNA and YorkshiresDNA. Several members of the Lubomirski family were a candidate, at different times, for crowns of Poland, Bohemia and Hungary. (2015) tested the Y-DNA of 13 Early Neolithic farmers from the Barcn site (6500-6200 BCE) in north-western Anatolia, and only one of them belonged to haplogroup J2a. In 2005 a study by Professor of Human Genetics Bryan Sykes of Oxford University led to the conclusion that Somerled has possibly 500,000 living descendants. [48], Toghan, Genghis Khan's sixth son has claimed descendants who have Y haplogroup C2b1a1b1-F1756 just like the first son of Genesis Khan, Jochi's descendants in the Kazakh Tore clan. He is one of a small group of people who have won an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Award. His genome possessed about 30% of Steppe admixture and 15% of Eastern Hunter-Gatherer, which suggest a recent arrival from the Steppe. The 9th Earl took his wife's surname (Bowes), and his descendants carried the hyphenated Lyon-Bowes or Bowes-Lyon patronym. Men of the Jewish Rothschild family, who established an international banking business, acquired the largest fortune in modern world history and established a true dynasty in the 19th century, apparently belong to haplogroup J2a1-L210. [63], Y Haplogroup C3b2b1* (C-M401*, (xF5483) has been identified as a possible marker of the Aisin Gioro (who were founders of the Qing dynasty) and is found in ten different ethnic minorities in northern China, but completely absent from Han Chinese. Many medieval emperors had illegitimate offspring (Emperor Saga alone fathered 49 children), who were bestowed the surnames Minamoto (Genji), Taira (Heike) or Tachibana, who in turn became powerful aristocratic clans of their own. In 2003 Oxford University researchers traced the Y-chromosome signature of Somerled of Argyll, one of Scotland's greatest warriors, who is credited with driving out the Vikings. This connection is supported by its age (8,500 +/- 3,500 thousand years ago) , which is very close to the beginning of the Neolithic . Results from the Lyon(s) Surname DNA Project indicate that the aristocratic branch of Clan Lyon belongs to I1-L22 > Z2338 > P109 > S10891, a clade associated with the Viking migrations and the Normans.
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