Reasonable evidence supports its use to reduce the length and severity of flu symptoms. They could help tame inflammation , … This article takes a closer look at elderberry, the evidence supporting its health claims and the dangers associated with eating it. When used within the first 48 hours of onset of symptoms, the extract may even help relieve and shorten the duration of cold and flu symptoms as well. In one clinical study of 312 people traveling overseas from Australia, elderberry extract reduced the severity and duration of common cold symptoms, compared to the placebo [32]. Elderberry may protect the heart by reducing blood pressure and cholesterol, but the evidence is inconclusive. Recent research voices the traditional wisdom. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid elderberry supplements due to the lack of safety data [1, 84, 85]. No valid clinical evidence supports the use of elderberry for any of the conditions in this section. Our science team is put through the strictest vetting process in the health industry and we often reject applicants who have written articles for many of the largest health websites that are deemed trustworthy. They are continually monitored by our internal peer-review process and if we see anyone making material science errors, we don't let them write for us again. This is an especially helpful elderberry health benefit if you often suffer from hay fever. Elderberry may have positive effects on some markers of heart and blood vessel health. In test tubes, elderberry extracts blocked the growth of bacteria that cause malaria and a myriad of other health problems (including Plasmodium falciparum, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Salmonella, and Helicobacter pylori) [40, 41, 42, 2]. The berries are often used to make refreshing, sweet-tart juices, jams, jellies, pies, punches, and wines. Furthermore, elderberries may reduce levels of uric acid in the blood. Avoid Illness By Using the Best Supplements For Your Body. We are dedicated to providing the most scientifically valid, unbiased, and comprehensive information on any given topic. However, elderberry allergies affect only 0.6% of the general population, according to a study of over 3.5K randomly tested people [81]. Align your health hacks with your genes for optimal health & cognitive function. During normal metabolism, reactive molecules may be released that can accumulate in the body. Elderberry is not recommended for children and adolescents below 18 years of age or pregnant or lactating women. The high levels of vitamin A plus helpful inhibitor activity, have elderberry tea to decrease or preventing wrinkles , serving to cut back age spots, and step by step tone and glow of the body’s most visible organ! Note that each number in parentheses [1, 2, 3, etc.] In clinical studies with over 80 people with influenza A or B, taking Sambucol syrup for 5 days relieved flu symptoms 4 days faster than the placebo [24, 25, 26]. This is just 3% of the estimated fatal dose for a 130-pound (60-kg) person (2, 35). Elderberry also exerts anti-inflammatory effects, reducing swelling and pain by tempering the body's immune response.2 Red Elderberry is a woody perennial forming bushes that are 12-20 feet tall. A combination of elderberry and other herbs (gentian root, cowslip flowers, sorrel, vervain wort) might work in a similar way: it lowered inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and messengers (PGE-2) in rats [33]. Elderberry fruits, leaves and flowers are strong antioxidants. Children, pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid them, while others should consult their doctor before supplementing. Your email address will not be published. It’s still gathered and used in folk medicine across many parts of Europe. Therefore, products like syrups, juices, teas and jams may have reduced benefits compared to some results seen in laboratory studies (16). Elderberry refers to several varieties of the Sambucus tree, which has clusters of white flowers and black or blue-black berries. It may also protect the heart and skin, but more research is needed. Among many varieties, the most common one is the European elder or black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) [1]. However, commercial preparations and cooked berries do not contain cyanide, so there are no reports of fatalities from eating these. Certain herbs and supplements can help prevent heart disease and reduce its symptoms. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Elderberry extracts prevented insulin spikes and insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet [55, 70]. In addition, a diet high in flavonoids like anthocyanins has been found to reduce the risk of heart disease (17, 22). People respond differently to diets and supplements because everyone has unique DNA. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The same potency is used in adults and kids (called Anti-Viral Flu Care), only the dosage differs. In clinical studies with over 2,300 people with a bacterial sinus infection, a combination of elderberry and other herbs (gentian root, cowslip flowers, sorrel, vervain wort) reduced inflammation, headaches, and nasal discharge [34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39]. Distribution and habitat. However, you shouldn’t interpret them as supportive of any health benefit. Some people are allergic to elderberry and will experience typical symptoms: runny nose, itchy or red eyes, and difficulty breathing [81, 82, 83]. Red Elderberry does not rank high on the list of edible and medicinal plants, because its stems, bark, leaves, and roots contain cyanide-producing toxins. Its vase-like, arborescent form creates an umbrella-like canopy over smaller woodland shrubs. Elderberry syrup also decreased the duration of flu-like symptoms in chimpanzees [28]. Although both European and American elderberry abound in antioxidants, the European variety is higher in specific ones (phenolics and flavonoids). Elderberries are a low-calorie food packed with vitamin C, dietary fiber and antioxidants in the form phenolic acids, flavonols and anthocyanins. Therefore, determining the effects of currently available products may be difficult (17). Anastasia holds an MSc in Health Informatics from the Sheffield University, an MSc in Health Economics from the Erasmus University of Rotterdam and a BSc in Economics from the University of Macedonia. Studies have shown elderberry juice may reduce the level of fat in the blood and decrease cholesterol. Stem, bark, leaves, and raw berries can be toxic. The below doses may not apply to you personally. Based on test-tubes experiments, they might work by [71, 72, 2, 73, 74]: According to limited animal studies, elderberry may help: Clinical studies are lacking to back up these benefits. Cooking the berries reduces their lectin content [80]. Plus, they have many nutritional benefits. It can also stump-sprout from the root crown following cutting or fire. Our team comprises of trained MDs, PhDs, pharmacists, qualified scientists, and certified health and wellness specialists. Therefore, elderberry cannot be recommended for any particular health benefit. The bark, unripe berries and seeds contain small amounts substances known as lectins, which can cause stomach problems if too much is eaten (2). Moreover, elderberry is a flavorful addition to a healthy diet and good source of vitamin C, fiber and antioxidants. Elderberry supplements – such as syrups, lozenges, capsules, tea, and powder – are all typically made from the European, black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) [6, 7]. In addition, the processing of elderberries, such as extraction, heating or juicing, can reduce their antioxidant activity (4). © 2005-2021 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. The flowers have a delicate muscat aroma and can be eaten raw or cooked (1). Also, research on diabetic rats given elderberry showed improved blood sugar control (4, 15, 28). Today, elderberry is most often taken as a supplement to treat cold and flu symptoms. The benefits of taking elderberry go far beyond just treating cold & … Red Elderberry - Sambucus Racemosa. Since various formulations exist, it’s best to follow the instructions on the label [27, 86]. Elderberries are: The exact nutritional composition of elderberries depends on the variety of plant, ripeness of the berries and environmental and climatic conditions. Black Elderberry Benefits from Tea Make a tea from the flowers to treat fever, excess mucous, upper respitory tract problems and hayfever. Some common preparation methods can lower certain nutrients and antioxidants, such as high extraction temperature, cooking, or juicing. In a clinical study of 20 people with constipation, a tea containing elderberry, anise, fennel, and Alexandrian senna increased the number of evacuations per day and improved bowel movements. Historically, the flowers and leaves have been used for pain relief, swelling, inflammation, to stimulate the production of urine and to induce sweating. There are many reported benefits of elderberries. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are common ingredients in cold and flu products (such as Advil); they reduce symptoms such as swelling, pain, and stuffiness. S. nigra grows up to 30 feet (9 meters) tall and has clusters of small white- or cream-colored flowers known as elderflowers. Black elderberry extracts and flower infusions have been shown to reduce the severity and length of influenza (8). However, the raw berries, bark and leaves of the plant are also known to be poisonous and cause stomach problems. Traditionally, Native Americans used it to treat infections, while the ancient Egyptians used it to improve their complexions and heal burns. Red-berried Elder is very common in Lebanon Hills Park (while Common Elderberry is much less so). Herbal teas have a wide variety of tastes, flavors and even health benefits. The uncooked berries, leaves, bark and roots of the elderberry plant contain the chemicals lectin and cyanide, which can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. It was also active against the herpes simplex virus, which causes cold sores [29, 30, 40]. Elderberry can be prepared a number of ways, from teas to syrup and of course baked goods and desserts. Regular intake of elderberry wine may help to prevent many coronary diseases. 4 Natural Supplements That Are as Powerful as Drugs, Berberine – A Powerful Supplement With Many Benefits, Fenugreek: An Herb with Impressive Health Benefits, Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT, Herbs, Vitamins, and Supplements for Testosterone. Referred to in European folk medicine as "natures medicine chest", this small berry packs a punch with its versatility in dealing with a multitude of health issues. While no adverse events have been reported in these groups, there is not enough data to confirm that it is safe (2). Red elderberry (Sambucus racemosa) in North America and dwarf elderberry (Sambucus ebulus) in Europe. Elderberry benefits the … Anastasia grew up in a medical environment, as both her parents are doctors and developed from a young age a passion for medicine and health. This tea can be made more powerful by … Symptoms of eating uncooked berries, leaves, bark or roots of the elderberry include nausea, vomiting and diarrhea (2). Aside from these, the Cold & Flu softgel formulation for adults also contains white willow. Elderberry is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants in the world. Standardized extracts and cooked berries are safe for a general population. These tiny berries possess several unique health benefiting plant nutrients such as pigment flavonoid antioxidants, anthocyanins, minerals, and vitamins that contribute immensely towards robust health and wellness. Tip: Watch out for Sambucol homeopathic formulations (such as “Cold and Flu Relief Homeopathic” and “Cold & Flu Sinus Relief”). There are many other reported benefits of elderberry, though most of these have limited scientific evidence: While these results are interesting, further research is needed in humans to determine if the effects are truly significant. Elderflowers are boiled to prepare a soothing, creamy tea or syrup or added to the batter when baking [4, 5]. The efficacy of such products is unproven. Moreover, it’s important to note that there is no standardized method for measuring the number of bioactive components like anthocyanins in these commercial products. Elderberry Benefits: History and Folklore of Elderberry Uses There is a long history of elderberry uses in Europe. There are 3 mg of cyanide per 100 grams of fresh berries and 3–17 mg per 100 grams of fresh leaves. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Elderberry is used for its antioxidant activity, to lower cholesterol, to improve vision, to boost the immune system, to improve heart health and for coughs, colds, flu, bacterial and viral infections and tonsillitis. For flu or cold, 15ml elderberry syrup (Sambucol) four times a day for five days is recommended. Some herbs and supplements have been proven to ease symptoms of mild depression, but others have not. Bioflavonoids and other proteins in the juice destroy the ability of cold and flu viruses to infect a cell. People use it to combat flu, respiratory infections, and more [3]. Overproduction of nitric oxide has been linked to inflammatory autoimmune diseases [67, 68, 69]. Below is a summary of up-to-date animal studies, cell-based research, or low-quality clinical trials which should spark further investigation. To ensure quality and potency in your herbal remedies, why not grow your own? If your doctor suggests using elderberry, work with them to find the optimal dosage according to your health condition and other factors. Elderberry is associated with many additional health benefits, such as fighting cancer and bacteria, immune support, UV protection and diuretic effects. Black, Blue, and Red Elderberry – What’s the Difference? Jam requires well-ripened black or red … Red elderberry (Sambucus racemosa) All elderberries are rich in anthocyanins , powerful antioxidants responsible for the red, blue, and purple berry color variations [ 1 , 9 ]. The three other well-known elderberry varieties include the following [3, 8]: All elderberries are rich in anthocyanins, powerful antioxidants responsible for the red, blue, and purple berry color variations [1, 9]. Warning! Red elderberry has some similar features to the common black elderberry. Though they have been used medicinally in the past (often as emetics, meaning they make you vomit), foraging experts recommend avoiding them. SelfDecode provides recommendations that are personalized based on YOUR genes to help you stay healthy and avoid infections from viruses like COVID-19! A study found that elderberry flowers inhibit the enzyme α-glucosidase, which may help lower blood sugar levels. Elderberry plants in the northwest include the blue elderberry (Sambucus nigra) and and the red elderberry (Sambucus racemosa).They have been used for generations by the native people of the Pacific Northwest as both powerful medicine and vitamin-packed food supplements. Some research backs up these claims, though more research is needed. Therefore, servings can vary in their nutrition (4, 7). Keep reading to learn elderberry benefits, side effects, and how to use it. While elderberry has shown promising results in the lab, research in humans and animals is still limited. Seeds of red elderberry have high levels of toxic cyanide producing glycosides and were removed after cooking or during consumption (Pojar and Mackinnon 1994: … For gum inflammation, 15 ml of a multi-herbal rinse (with elderberry, Centella, and Echinacea) for 60 seconds twice a day for adults and children older than 12 is recommended. 100 grams of fresh berries contain 73 calories, 18.4 grams of carbs and less than 1 gram each of fat and protein (3). Anthocyanins deepen the color of plants, which explains the greater potency of black elderberry, especially compared to the red variety [10, 11, 2]. Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) is a berry fruit rich in vitamins C, B6, B1, B2, B3 and B5, folate, iron, calcium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, as well as fiber. Clinical studies support the traditional use of black elderberry for reducing flu and cold symptoms, other infections, and gum inflammation. Fresh elderberries contain lectins, which may also cause a reaction in sensitive people. While elderberry has been associated with many promising health benefits, most of the research has only been conducted in a lab setting and not tested extensively in humans. The levels of the toxic compounds in raw berries are not extremely high but may still cause serious health problems. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. This is a toxin also found in apricot seeds and almonds (1, 34). Urinary Tract Infections and Bladder Infections Urinary tract infections , UTIs, can come with a good amount of pain, a burning sensation when you urinate, and a constant feeling that you need to pee. Elderberry is fast becoming popular for its myriad of health benefits. Elderberry side effects. In test tubes, elderberry could bind to both viruses and prevent them from entering cells and multiplying [29, 30, 31]. Fresh foods and nutritional supplements are key. However, there are important safety precautions to consider when it comes to this herb. The 4 Popular Health Benefits of Elderberry. Another study of 64 people found that taking 175-mg elderberry extract lozenges for two days resulted in significant improvement in flu symptoms, including fever, headache, muscle aches and nasal congestion, after just 24 hours (10). Ever try supplements that don’t seem to work? Here is a list of 4 natural supplements that are just as effective as pharmaceutical drugs. The flowers, fruits and leaves of the elderberry plant are excellent sources of antioxidants. Elderberry is rich in flavonoids, phenolics, and vitamin C, and provitamin A, which decrease oxidative stress, prevent skin damage, improve skin elasticity, and lessen wrinkles [7, 58, 59, 4]. The information on this website has not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration or any other medical body. For bacterial sinus infections, 2 tablets of a multi-ingredient herbal Sinupret (elderberry flowers, gentian root, verbena, cowslip flower, and sorrel) three times a day, for up to 2 weeks [3, 34]. The flowers and leaves are natural remedies for reducing pain, swelling, and inflammation. You must consult your doctor before acting on any content on this website, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition. However, the branches, bark or leaves should not be used in cooking or juicing (2). Elderberries are glossy, tart, deep-purple fruits of the Sambucus tree. Joe Cohen won the genetic lottery of bad genes. Other varieties include the American elder, dwarf elder, blue elderberry, danewort, red-fruited elder and antelope brush (1). Information is shared for educational purposes only. Nonetheless, one study in 34 people given 400 mg of elderberry extract (equivalent to 4 ml of juice) three times a day for two weeks found no significant reduction in cholesterol levels (23). Symptoms of the flu and the common cold often overlap, but colds are caused by different viruses and are usually milder. Flavonoids in elderberry may prevent infection from the influenza A and B viruses, which are responsible for the yearly seasonal flu epidemics. Although both European and American elderberry abound in antioxidants, the European variety is higher in specific ones (phenolics and flavonoids). Sambucol is a clinically-tested standardized elderberry extract, available as syrup, gummies, capsules, and chewable tablets. They can also be eaten fresh in salads (1). By Kristi Dranginis. Currently, she is leading a green life, sailing with her boyfriend across Europe, living in their sailboat with the help of solar and wind power, minimizing CO2 production. Native people would collect these berries in the summer and store them in a safe place for medicinal use during the winter months. The syrup contains 38% of the standardized elderberry extract. There is nothing complicated in preparing a dessert, all stages are traditional. Learn how your comment data is processed. The fruits are small, dark-colored berries, sometimes appearing almost black [2]. Also, be sure to remove any bark or leaves before use. Elderberries amazing health benefits includes aiding digestion, supporting cardiovascular health, enhancing respiratory health, boosting immunity, controlling diabetes, enhancing bone health, enhancing the skin, promoting weight loss, preventing cancer, a remedy for … For younger children, a 10 ml rinse twice a day is advised [3]. They suffered from nausea, vomiting, weakness, dizziness, stomach pain, numbness, and impaired consciousness [78]. A formula containing elderberry, common hawthorn, and dwarf everlast extracts had a sun protection factor (SPF) of almost 10, meaning that these herbs can naturally protect from UV rays [60]. Animal and Cellular Research (Lacking Evidence). An elderberry tree produces 12-15 pounds of berries in a year. Red elderberry is a treelike shrub growing 3–6 m … This can cause oxidative stress and lead to the development of diseases like type 2 diabetes and cancer (12, 13, 14). When used in adequate amounts, elderberry tea, extracts, and other products are generally safe and well-tolerated. For example, anthocyanins found in the berries have 3.5 times the antioxidant power of vitamin E (4, 15, 16, 17). Given that type 2 diabetes is a major risk factor for heart and vascular disease, blood sugar control is important in preventing these conditions (4, 8). Note that the majority of research has only been performed on commercial products, and there is little information about the safety or efficacy of homemade remedies (8). Consumption of raw elder products may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and even lead to hospitalization [3, 77, 26]. Elderberry may balance the immune system, but clinical studies are lacking to draw any conclusions. Fresh or dried berries are thought to relieve headaches, toothaches, low back pain, respiratory infections, as well as constipation [1, 3]. All rights reserved. Learn more about fenugreek's benefits, safety and side effects here. Their precise nutritional content depends on the ripeness of the fruit, environmental conditions, and the plant variety [6]. What’s more, elderberry can increase insulin secretion and improve blood sugar levels. We do not aim to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any illness or disease. Black elderberry is used in traditional medicine due to it's many health benefits and it is used to treat bronchitis, cough, upper respiratory cold infections, fever, arthritis etc. Additionally, one study found that antioxidant status improved in people one hour after drinking 400 ml of elderberry juice. However, some parts of the plant are toxic. Inflammation is one of the leading drivers of many common diseases. Based on its possible benefits, elderberry may, in theory, interact with the following drugs: Supplements are made from elderberry fruits or flowers. Preparations from the bark are taken to stimulate urination and bowel movements. Further studies found that rats fed with foods containing polyphenols extracted from elderberry had reductions in blood pressure and were less susceptible to organ damage caused by high blood pressure (25, 26). Elderberry extract acts as an immuno-modulator: it can calm an overactive immune system or activate an overly-suppressed one [61, 62, 63, 1]. Elderberry has some benefits for heart health, such as reducing cholesterol, uric acid and blood sugar levels. 100 g of fresh elderberries carry 73 calories. Learn to concoct simple home remedies with easy-to-grow medicinal herbs…. Anti-aging properties may be in elderberries. There is one report of eight people falling ill after drinking the juice from freshly picked berries, including the leaves and branches, from the S. mexicana elder variety. Elderberries (Sambucus) have been a folk remedy for centuries in North America, Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa, hence the medicinal benefits of elderberries are being investigated and rediscovered. Immune-system Booster. Additionally, the berries can be cooked and used to make juice, jams, chutneys, pies and elderberry wine. based on YOUR genes to help you stay healthy and avoid infections from viruses like COVID-19! She has worked in several institutions and associations which promoted healthy living and sustainable healthcare systems. Some potential benefits of elderberry are limited to animal and cell-based studies. Your email address will not be published. Elderberries are a low-calorie food packed with antioxidants. SelfHacked has the strictest sourcing guidelines in the health industry and we almost exclusively link to medically peer-reviewed studies, usually on PubMed. In studies on human cells, elderberry syrup (Sambucol) increased the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8) needed to activate immune cells. Read more about these alternative treatments. Some clinical trials had a small number of participants, and some of their findings are debatable. Although not all side effects are known, elderberry is thought to be possibly safe when taken as directed for a short period of time. Research shows you can prevent, halt, and even reverse type 2 diabetes with proper diet and lifestyle. One study showed that depending on the method used to measure anthocyanins, a supplement could claim to contain 762 mg/L but really only contain 4 mg/L. We believe that the most accurate information is found directly in the scientific source. In another study on 34 healthy people, elderberry juice for 2 weeks slightly decreased cholesterol levels (by 9 mg/dL) and oxidative stress, compared to the placebo [50]. 1 Elderberries, dried or cooked, elderberry extracts, and elderberry juice have been variously used to treat influenza viruses, colds, and even wounds. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): While elderberry may have some benefit for the common cold and flu, there is no good evidence to support using it for COVID-19. These make elderberry anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-aging, and filled with antioxidants. Black elderberry is rich in bioactive components, the most important ones being [12, 3, 13, 2]:. Joe Cohen is well-known for his work as a successful entrepreneur in the health field after he overcame his many health issues using a personalized regimen. Cooking the berries and seeds will remove the cyanide. Also, it may support heart health, improve antioxidant status and have a variety of anti-cancer, anti-diabetes and anti-inflammatory effects. Join SelfHacked today and start the journey of improving your life, Get the Regimen of A Top Biohacker Preparing His Body to Fight Coronavirus. One easy spot to see 6 or more is on the short unpaved path between the parking lot and storage building by Schulze Lake swimming beach. If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please leave a comment or contact us at [email protected]. The bark, leaves, roots, as well as raw or unripe berries, contain a toxic compound (sambunigrin) which can lead to cyanide poisoning. Selfhacked LLC does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Flavonoids discovered in the flowers and fruits of elderberry trees have antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Further large-scale studies are required to confirm these results and determine if elderberry may also play a role in preventing influenza (8). The berries are quite tart and need to be cooked to be eaten. Cooked berries and standardized extracts are safe to consume [79, 80]. Elderberry benefits is employed in many cosmetic applications, because of the bioflavonoid gift in elderberries which play a big role in benefitting the skin. Plus, the fruits are rich in vitamins – such as vitamin C and provitamin A (carotenoids) – and minerals – including iron, potassium, and phosphorus [6, 14]. Here are 6 supplements that can reduce inflammation, backed by science. Antioxidants are natural components of foods, including some vitamins, phenolic acids and flavonoids, that are able to remove these reactive molecules. As a kid, he suffered from inflammation, brain fog, fatigue, digestive problems, anxiety, depression, and other issues that were poorly understood in both conventional and alternative medicine. Its berries, which are poisonous if eaten raw, are said to be safe to eat when cooked and were reportedly used as an ingredient in a … However, another study in mice with high cholesterol found that a diet including black elderberry reduced the amount of cholesterol in the liver and aorta but not the blood (24). The other formulation for kids called Cold & Flu contains 47mg of the extract per tablet, along with vitamin C, zinc, and Echinacea. Additionally, the processing of the berries and flowers can reduce their antioxidant activity. The tree is up to 30 feet tall, with a brownish-gray bark and fragrant white flowers. The most common variety is Sambucus nigra, also known as European elderberry or black elderberry. Sambucol is a popular, widely-available brand of standardized elderberry extracts. It is native to Europe, northern temperate Asia, and North America across Canada and the United States. Elderberry wine may also lower the levels of bad cholesterol in the body and thus improve the cardiovascular health. In folk medicine, the dried berries or juice are used to treat influenza, infections, sciatica, headaches, dental pain, heart pain and nerve pain, as well as a laxative and diuretic (2). Plus, they increased glutathione, one of the most important antioxidant enzymes in the body [51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56]. Pe… Red and blue elderberry, native to the North American continent, may offer distinct health benefits.