e. Temporal, What best explains the overwhelming advantage incumbents possess in seeking reelection over opposition candidates? At the start of 2014, House majority whip Eric Cantor, a representative from Virginia, was at the top of his game. The public generally tends to distrust Congress. Parties have become much more significant in Congress in recent years due to which of the following? Before proceeding, turn back to the prologue about master chess-players Stockfish and the more sophisticated AlphaZero. What did the Framers do to avoid tyranny in the executive branch? Organization of Congress A. Senate, House of Representatives B. two, two II. a. chief of state/head of state Directlabor:Quantity,.25hourRate,$16perhourDirectmaterial:Quantity,4kilogramsPrice,$.80perkilogram. Of the following groups, which is most underrepresented in Congress? 7 How does casework help members of Congress? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Vote for what the people they represent want. Constituents routinely reach out to their congressperson for powerful support to solve complex problems, such as applying for and tracking federal benefits or resolving immigration and citizenship challenges.21 Incumbent members of Congress have paid staff, influence, and access to specialized information that can help their constituents in ways other persons cannot. c. judiciary Label the following behaviors by members of Congress as either an example of a distributive or informational theory of committees. is an honorific office awarded to the senior senator of the majority party. In the conventional method of passing legislation, where does a bill go after it is introduced in the House? contributions from interest group members. Joint b. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Which statement about incumbency is most accurate? The mighty list of federal projects grants, and contracts available to cities, businesses, colleges, and institutions available in a congressional district. a. arbitration d. a formal directive to executive branch departments and agencies that have the force of law [6] Appeals, Hearings and Claims Collections Division. In the House, the percentage of incumbents winning reelection has hovered between 85 and 100 percent for the last half century. d. controversies between the states The importance of airing positive constituent casework during campaigns is a testament to the accuracy of saying, All politics is local. This phrase, attributed to former Speaker of the House Tip ONeill (D-MA), essentially means that the most important motivations directing voters are rooted in local concerns. Very few challengers have any experience with elections. ), The mortgage interest rate is 6% per year. What is the vice president's only constitutionally defined job? __________ is the only formal method for ending a filibuster and requires the approval of __________ senators. How might a bill become law if it has been pocket vetoed? A legislator does whatever is best for his or her reelection. b. a. attorney general e. Ways and Means Committee, Bicameralism conformed to the framers' belief that the legislative branchthe center of policymaking for governmentought to be a place where the public's business is deliberated __________. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. d. Incumbents only leave office when they are involved in a scandal, a. Incumbents have a significant reelection advantage. After printing the report, his computers hard drive crashed, effectively destroying most of the actual results for the month. c. to preside over the Electoral College d. precedent b. give the Senate authority to overturn a presidential veto without House ratification a. libertarian b. diverse c. collegial d. homogeneous d. homogeneous b. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. After the census, the United States goes through the __________ process, in which congressional seats are allotted to each state according to its proportion of the population. How might a member of the U.S. Senate signal to leadership that he or she may have objections to a bill? How Telephonic Casework Inquiries Are Processed Response Time What does a caseworker do if they haven't received a response within the estimated time given by the Congressional Liaison Representative (CLR)? are licensed under a, Who Governs? __________ is a good example of Congressional casework. What will occur there? c. The conflict is a by-product of the recent polarization of the American party system. Defense department \text{ Quantity, .25 hour } & \text{ Quantity, 4 kilograms } \\ What is one of the reasons that power and responsibility of the presidency has grown since the early presidency? The United States became a world power. Congressional oversight refers to the review, monitoring, and supervision of federal agencies, programs, activities, and policy implementation. Creative Commons Attribution License Good senators and representatives understand this and will seek to use their influence and power in office to affect these issues for the better. Congress c. Hispanics a. He feels that if the market is good he can sell 500 copies of the deluxe version at $100\$ 100$100 each. d. seniority within the committee regardless party affiliation The issues include the very meaning of intelligence, its measurement, individual extremes of intelligence, and finally, the heredity/environment question. Another reason incumbents wield a great advantage over their challengers is the state power they have at their disposal.20 One of the many responsibilities of a sitting congressperson is constituent casework. Between 1946 and 2012, only 5 percent of incumbent senators and 2 percent of House incumbents lost their party primaries.19 In 2014, Cantor was one of four House incumbents who did so, while no incumbent senators suffered defeat. when party victory is the most important goals of members of Congress What describes allocative representation? Wars typically have the power to nationalize local elections. The member who had served on the committee the longest and whose pary controlled Congress became chair, regardless of party loyalty, mental state, or competence. Separate subject-matter committees in each house of Congress that handle bills in different policy areas. d. omnibus, The vice president of the United States is the ceremonial leader of the Senate, but he or she has little real leadership responsibilities. Modern presidents have less power as leaders of their political parties than the Framers Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . c. While members of Congress have not become more extreme, ordinary citizens have. d. Speaker of the House The structural and other differences between the House and Senate have practical consequences for the way the two chambers function. Modern political campaigns in the United States are expensive, and they have been growing more so. c. Council of Economic Advisers e. eight, Which of the following confers the power to create the office of "chief justice of the United States?" d. have members appointed by incumbent senators A special joint committee created to reconcile differences in bills passed by the House and Senate is called a(n) __________ committee. $$ How have Americans rated members of Congress in recent years? Voters in large numbers were motivated by the political and economic disaster of the war to vote for politicians they believed would end it (Figure 11.10). c. Article III of the Constitution If you are a challenger running against an incumbent, what are some strategies you could use to make the race competitive? House Judiciary Committee c. Select Political scientists have taken note of some voting patterns that appear to challenge this common assumption, however. d. original e. Incumbents only leave office when they choose. c. the pork barrel To insulate one house of Congress from popular pressures and make it a seat of deliberation and reflection, the framers of the Constitution set the terms of the members of the Senate at __________. \text{Dividends}&\text{\hspace{16pt}5,000}&\text{}\\ a. James Polk e. have members appointed by their respective state legislatures. e. White House Staff. In contrast, midterm elections witness the opposite effect. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. What was the actual purchase price per square foot of wood? by fulfilling the congressional casework function or bringing money for mass transit to the district, for . Not surprisingly, the jungle of campaign financing regulations and loopholes is more easily navigated by incumbents in Congress than by newcomers. d. nine b. president c. according to age a. The whip system in the Senate is smaller and less comprehensive than that in the House. d. chief of staff d. nine d. Members of Congress forgot to pass the budget. Congress exercises this power largely through its congressional committee system. Mail: U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Office of Congressional Affairs, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Suite 5.4A, Washington, DC 20229. Voters do not like feeling patronized by discussing policies they are already fully aware of. \text{}&\underline{\underline{\$\hspace{1pt}\text{313,300}}}&\underline{\underline{\$\hspace{1pt}\text{313,300}}}\\ The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". In which event was there congressional oversight? a. A filibuster can be ended through __________; it requires the approval of __________ senators. b. as a leader of the Cabinet The president must give Congress an occasional update on the state of the union. six years, with one-third of the seats up for election in each two-year election cycle Which of the following activities would be a good example of congressional casework? d. 35; 14. b. c. Incumbents have no advantage in reelection. What is casework What purpose does it serve quizlet? What is an example of congressional casework? \text{Cash}&\text{\$\hspace{8pt}24,600 }&\text{}\\ An institution unique to the House of Representatives that review all bills (except revenue, budget, and appropriations bills) coming from a House committee before they go to the full house. e. The budget for government agencies has decreased leaving more responsibility to the president. Which of the following best describes the representation of women and minorities in Congress? introduction, committee referral, subcommittee, full committee report, rules committee, full House vote, conference committee, send to president. . c. granting pardons | :---: | :---: | Which type of committee is composed of members from both houses of Congress? c. majority-minority model of representation If the market is not good, he will sell only 300 at $90\$ 90$90 each. d. The conflict is a by-product solely of divided government. b. majority whip a. majority leader Term Limits v. Thornton (1995), there are currently no term limits for either senators or representatives, despite efforts by many states to impose them in the mid-1990s.10 House members are elected by the voters in their specific congressional districts. 1971 Senate Democrats, 1959 Senate Republicans, 1931 House of Representatives Democrats, 1943 House of Representatives Republicans. e. seniority within the congress. majority party is the __________. c. the Cabinet Which best describes the president's constitutional duty to Congress? a. b. Which of the following is an example of casework by a member of Congress? b. complex After that, soft-money donations skyrocketed. In a congressional office, the term casework refers to the response or services that Members of Congress provide to constituents who request assistance. assistance to a constituent in obtaining a Social Security check A newly elected member of Congress is attending her first party conference (or party caucus). They are used to gain approval for pet projects that would fail on their own. a. recess Related Links. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. Administration & Management. b. tax disputes e. The conflict intensifies when Republicans control the presidency and Democrats control c. briefs Casework: Activities of members of congress that help constituents as individuals; cutting through bureaucratic red tape to get people what they think they have a right to get. Which of the following is true of majority-minority districts? In the 2020 election cycle, for example, super PACs spent just over $2 billion dollars and raised about $1.3 billion more.16. Which of the following activities would be a good example of congressional casework? d. hierarchical, When is lobbying more likely to be successful? __________is the only formal method for ending a filibuster, and requires the approval of __________ senators. Determine the (*b*) the amount of depreciation for the first and second years computed by the double-declining-balance method. c. military tribunals The presiding officer of the House of Representatives is the _____. c. The president can fire the White House staff but only Congress can dismiss a member of the Congressional committees are areas of __________ that allow members to develop the expertise to handle complex issues. Which response to the poll provides the most forceful indication that voters want delegates instead of trustees or politicos? How did such a powerful incumbent lose a game in which the cards had been stacked so heavily in his favor? Table of Contents Page 3 Introduction Congressional Liaison Service Locations & Contact Information Page 4 a. apportionment (credit: "Lipton sale"/Wikimedia Commons), https://openstax.org/books/american-government-3e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/american-government-3e/pages/11-2-congressional-elections, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Explain how fundamental characteristics of the House and Senate shape their elections, Discuss campaign funding and the effects of incumbency in the House and Senate, Analyze the way congressional elections can sometimes become nationalized. This suggests a failure of __________. a. by voters e. judicial privilege, When the U.S. Supreme Court agrees to hear a case appealed to it from a circuit court, it is exercising its __________ jurisdiction. b. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Through which of the following means do you routinely work to keep your job? Which of the following describes the seniority system? power of the purse | Usage | 0.5 hours per stand | c. They included separation of powers in the Constitution. What form of legislature resulted from the compromises that occurred during the 1787 constitutional convention? a. aggressively and unyieldingly The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. c. demonstrated ability to lead and public record of votes requires approval by both houses of Congress To insulate one house of Congress from popular pressures and make it a seat of deliberation and reflection, the framers of the Constitution set the terms of the members of the Senate at __________. Which of the following is true of marginal seats in the House of Representatives? performance of the economy, the costs of proposed policies, and the economic effects of taxing and spending alternatives. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Office of Management and Budget General Counsel. a. making treaties A traditional PAC is an organization designed to raise hard money to elect or defeat candidates. e. chief executive. In 2020, for example, the average Senate incumbent raised $28,649,593, whereas the average challenger raised only $5,264,022.18 This is one of the many reasons incumbents win a large majority of congressional races each electoral cycle. a. mandamus a. presidential job approval b. lawmaking b. whites e. precedents, in a process known as __________, presidents generally allow senators from the state in which a judicial vacancy occurs to block the nomination. \text{Unearned Rent Revenue}&\text{}&\text{\hspace{16pt}6,800}\\ 8 Which of the following is an example of casework by a member of Congress? f(-2); f(-2.01) Construct a boxplot and describe its shape. Congressional Membership AnswerLesson 1 Congressional Membership Guided Reading Activity Answer Key I. Congress determines when judicial salaries can be lowered. The White House staff has greater access to and more influence on the president than the The bill must be reintroduced in the next session of Congress. Members of the House are apportioned to states based on _________. \text{ Direct material: } & \$ 170,100 \text{ for 210,000 kilograms } An office mandated by the Constitution. e. coram nobis, The authority to be the first court to hear a case is which type of jurisdiction? e. to work independently of the executive on national security, Which organization or position examines the budgetary implications of any proposed bill that will be sent to Congress? a. original c. direct election by popular vote a. c. president of the Senate a. attorney general McCain-Feingold placed limits on total contributions to political parties, prohibited coordination between candidates and PAC campaigns, and required candidates to include personal endorsements on their political ads. d. to provide intelligence on national security to the Congress Among other things, it created the Federal Election Commission (FEC), required candidates to disclose where their money was coming from and where they were spending it, limited individual contributions, and provided for public financing of presidential campaigns. \textbf{August 31, 2014} a. gerrymandering Justices in the majority argued that the BCRA violated a corporations free-speech rights.15. Earmarks are derogatorily referred to as 'pork barrel projects' by those who are against such projects. a. visibility How much longer should the Sun remain in its stable phase? Which statement about incumbency is most accurate? a. committee chairperson Anyone can draft a bill, but only a member of the House of Representatives or the Senate can formally submit a bill for consideration. He can also choose to do nothing. Why might incumbents want to deemphasize their policy positions during a reelection campaign? Congressional committees formed when the Senate and the House pass a particular bill in different forms. Also, in political arenas, caseworkers are employed as a type of legislative staffer by legislators to . The Senate must approve certain executive appointments. an investigator . b. Stressing policy positions can make enemies as well as friends. Worker rights and benefits depend on you exercising your fundamental right! In either case, production costs will be approximately $35,000\$ 35,000$35,000. Both the House and Senate authored their own versions of the legislation. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like __________ is a good example of Congressional casework., In which event was there congressional oversight?, In the House of Representatives, who is second in authority to the Speaker of the House? What is the special committee created to reconcile differences in bills passed by the House and Senate called? when states are divided into legislative districts of equal population. d. They did not allow the president to have military responsibility. b. constitutional What best represents the trend of party polarization over the last three decades? Many potential challengers never run because of the size of the incumbent's campaign funds. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". e. vice president, According to the Constitution, how is the president supposed to be elected? Final Decisions Reading Room. and you must attribute OpenStax. Caseworker. d. negotiating treaties a. e. trial, Federal judges are appointed to __________ terms. when members of Congress secure national resources for their local district What describes symbolic representation? Congressional Quarterly U.S. Senate U.S. House Agency About HUD Secretary of HUD Program Offices No Fear Act Press Room Office of Inspector General Resources Resources A-Z Index Customer Experience FOIA PDF Reader Agency About HUD Secretary of HUD Program Offices No Fear Act Press Room Office of Inspector General Resources Resources A-Z Index d. appellate He criss-crossed the country helping other Republican candidates in their own races. He became seen as too much of a Washington insider. a. ad hoc Indeed, a presentation for incoming Democratic representatives suggested a daily Washington schedule of five hours reaching out to donors, while only three or four were to be used for actual congressional work. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written The amount of money they raise against their challengers demonstrates their advantage. 1999-2023, Rice University. Insurance expires at the rate of $500 per month. a. d. Steering, Party leaders from the two chambers of Congress sometimes use _______ legislation that addresses numerous and perhaps unrelated issues to create winning coalitions and force members to e. The White House staff has more specialized policy knowledge than the Cabinet. b. casework c. Supreme Court In the 2011-2012 election cycle, how much money did the average winning House candidate spend? On May 12, Senger paid Burris$650 for costs incurred by Burris to repair defective merchandise. We also look at campaign finance to better understand how legislators get elected and stay elected. b. Members of Congress are generally __________ than the general population. But more important is the way the party system itself privileges incumbents. b. the ability to write legislation He proposed that the reason was a surge in political stimulation during presidential elections, which contributes to greater turnout and brings in voters who are ordinarily less interested in politics. As politicians and donors soon discovered, however, these laws were full of loopholes and were easily skirted by those who knew the ins and outs of the system. (The mortgage was taken out August 1. While they cannot give money directly to a candidate or a candidates party, they can raise and spend unlimited funds, and they can spend independently of a campaign or party. Ring-shaped islands that are made up of coral attached to submerged volcanoes are ________. d. the informal organization of Congress, Because Congress is __________, it is fairly open to interest group influence. Two factors that determine whether a congressional office is able to work a particular case are 1) whether the individual's home address is located within the Member's congressional district and 2) whether the individual's problem pertains to a federal agency. Imagine a bill is referred to the House Committee on Agriculture, the standing committee for agricultural issues. The parties have become less polarized because more and more voters are opting to become independents. Which of the following statements about congressional oversight are accurate? b. Incumbents are prohibited from accepting campaign Political parties in general prefer to support incumbents in elections, because the general consensus is that incumbents are better candidates, and their record of success lends support to this conclusion. d. politico model of representation The Speaker is chosen in practice by the majority party, has both formal and informal powers, and is second in line to succeed to the presidency should that office become vacant. The following information is provided to help congressional caseworkers expedite the servicing of constituent requests for records from the National Personnel Records Center. e. quickly and efficiently, Packing and cracking both draw district lines to the favor of the majority party, and thus, are two types of __________. a. term limits b. Casework Senators can debate for unlimited amounts of time; House members cannot. This is an age-old strategy for success in office and elections. e. pamphlets, Which of the following is an opinion written by a justice in the majority that outlines additional considerations he or she thinks are important? Which example best demonstrates a legislator acting as a trustee of his or her constituency? This term originated in the years following the Civil War. \text{Land}&\text{\hspace{11pt}40,000}&\text{}\\ c. franking privileges d. Incumbents only leave office when pressured by party leadership. d. ten-year c. executive order increased; changing regional bases in the Republican and Democratic parties. a. Incumbents have a significant reelection advantage. d. opinions The 117th Congress was elected in November 2020. Creation of majority-minority districts has been beneficial only to Democrats. DEATHVALLEYRESORTTrialBalanceAugust31,2014\begin{array}{c} c. United States v. Nixon What happened? The evidence does suggest that national concerns, rather than local ones, can function as powerful motivators at the polls. d. receiving foreign ambassadors Why does omnibus legislation require alternatives to the committee system? Rather, he may have learned to play it too well. In addition to U.S. citizenship and age, the requirements for serving in Congress include residency in the represented state and a bachelor's degree. | Rate per labor hour | $\$4$ | b. four Election history has demonstrated that this form of publicity is very effective in garnering the support of voters. d. solicitor general a. amendments Congressional Casework. What is casework and its importance? In which way do modern presidents differ from the original intentions of the Framers of the Constitution? constantly campaigns for voters' approval; is more deliberative. c. committee Death Valley Resort opened for business on June 1 with eight air-conditioned units. The conflict is integral to the design of the Constitution, deliberately intended by the authors of (If necessary, review Section $2.1.$)* d. name recognition, access to media, and franking privilege Which of the following statements regarding the legislative process is true? However, it did not stand a chance in the Senate, where a more moderate version of the legislation was introduced. PACs created to give money to only one candidate are limited to only $2900 per candidate, however (Figure 11.8).17 The amounts are adjusted every two years, based on inflation. Anyone can draft a bill, but only a member of the House of Representatives or the Senate can formally submit a bill for consideration. a. a subject knowledge test c. twelve Caseworkers or constituent services representatives: Responsible for helping constituents deal with problems relating to federal agencies. d. Speaker of the House, In the House of Representatives, a bill goes to the Rules Committee ________. c. majority a. original jurisdiction when members of Congress secure national resources for their local district Which is an example of congressional casework? b. credit claiming by increasing jobs and revenue with federally funded projects. The Representation Function - generally, representation means that the many competing interests in society should be represented in Congress. What is congressional casework quizlet? b. originally intended. a. appointment through Congress Both chambers in Congress are responsible for all of the following EXCEPT _____. when members of Congress secure national resources for their local district, when members of Congress exemplify the values Americans associate with public life and government without being controversial, loyalty to a party that shapes how members see the world, define problems, and determine appropriate solutions.